For examinations in the throat area, headlamps or reflector mirrors are often used. Magnification allows for an accurate assessment of the mucous membranes. Ear examinations are conducted using an otoscope, which enables the viewing of both the external ear canal and the eardrum. Nasal examinations are performed with a nasal speculum.
- Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection)
Sudden onset ear pain, reduced hearing, along with a general feeling of illness accompanied by fever and ear noises are common signs of acute otitis media. Young children are often affected by middle ear infections. The primary cause is typically a viral infection.
- Laryngitis (Inflammation of the Larynx)
Acute laryngitis is frequently caused by a viral infection, while chronic inflammation of the larynx often results from smoking or excessive vocal strain.
- Tonsillitis (Inflammation of the Tonsils)
Tonsillitis involves painful inflammation of the palatine tonsils or the lymphatic ring in the throat. Tonsillitis can be triggered by viruses (such as influenza viruses) or bacteria (including streptococci). Symptoms manifest as high fever, throat pain, difficulty swallowing, and swollen lymph nodes.
- Viral Infections
The most common viral infections include the common cold, followed by influenza (caused by influenza viruses), and acute bronchitis.